GBE Issue Paper Overheating Content List
GBE > Encyclopaedia > Code > Issue paper > Overheating > G#15672
GBE Issue Paper Overheating Content List
Table of contents:
| Hypothesis | (Jargon Buster) | 1 |
| Overheating Introduction | 1 | |
| About the author | (GBE Team) (BrianSpecMan) | 3 |
| Follow BrianSpecMan in Social media | (GBE Team) | 3 |
| This paper on GBE Green Building Encyclopaedia website | (Issue Paper) | 3 |
| Annotation used throughout the GBE Issue Paper: | (Legend) | 3 |
| Illustrations can: | (Navigation Icons) | 4 |
| Table of contents (this page) | (Navigation) | 5 |
| Build Light, Insulate Right, Solar Tight | (Slogan) | 10 |
| GBE Overheating Issue Paper | (Executive Summary) | 10 |
| Zero Carbon Hub’s view: Energy Efficiency and Air-Tightness | (Problem) | 11 |
| SOM Architect’s Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) survey report | (Problem) | 11 |
| 1. OVERHEATING OF EXISTING BUILDINGS | 12 | |
| Back to basics: Leap frog this at your peril | (Primer) | 12 |
| Understand the context first | (Problem) | 12 |
| Heat sources | (Problem/Solution) | 12 |
| Quality of light | (Information) | 12 |
| Combined effects of Sun and Moon | (information) | 13 |
| Orientation | (Information) | 13 |
| Solar orientation of buildings | (Information/Problem/Solution) | 13 |
| Solar orientation of the windows, roof lights and glazed doors | (Problem/Solution) | 14 |
| Solar orientation of opaque pitched roofs | (Problem/Solution) | 14 |
| Avoiding the heat | (Solution) | 15 |
| Keeping the heat in one place | (Solution) | 15 |
| Proving that heat comes in through opaque part of envelope | (Information) (Survey) | 16 |
| Pitched roofs and solar reflection/absorption | (Problem/Solution) | 16 |
| Glass roof tiles | (Problem) (Blog) | 17 |
| Lightweight pitched roofs | (Problem) | 18 |
| Lightweight insulation in lightweight timber pitched roofs and lightweight pitched lining | (Problem/Solution) | 19 |
| New Build Pitched Roof Heel Trussed Rafters | (Problem/Solution) | 19 |
| Heavyweight pitched roofs | (Solution) | 20 |
| Heavyweight barrel vault roofs | (Solution) | 20 |
| Lightweight New Upper Floor extension on Existing Roof | (Problem) | 20 |
| Lightweight Upper Floor Roof: New Build: Inland Revenue Nottingham | (Problem) | 20 |
| Build light, Solar tight | (Slogan) | 20 |
| Shallow roofs and solar reflection/absorption | (Problem/Solution) | 21 |
| Solar orientation and flat roofs | (Problem/Solution) | 21 |
| Flat roofs and solar reflection/absorption | (Solution) | 21 |
| Old flat roofs with asphalt roof waterproofing | (Problem) | 22 |
| Flooded flat roofs | (Solution) | 22 |
| Reminder “Build Light, Insulate Right, Solar Tight” © BrianSpecMan 2015 | (Slogan) | 22 |
| New flat roofs with asphalt roof waterproofing | (Problem) | 22 |
| Albedo effect | (Solution) | 23 |
| Pitched roofs and renewable energy | (Solution/Problem) | 23 |
| Flat roofs and renewable energy | (Problem/Solution) | 23 |
| Incompetent design of renewables at BRE Innovation Campus | (Problem) | 24 |
| Heavyweight flat roofs | (Solution) | 24 |
| Lightweight flat roofs | (Problem) | 24 |
| Heavyweight Inverted roofs | (Solution) | 24 |
| Inverted roof thermal performance | (Research Opportunity) | 25 |
| Lightweight Inverted roofs | (Problem) | 25 |
| Build Light Insulate Right Solar Tight | (Slogan) | 25 |
| BuildLightInsulateRightSolarTight | (Hashtag) | 25 |
| Living roofs | (Problem/Solution) | 25 |
| Living Roof Growing Media | (Research underway) | 26 |
| Living roofs and renewable energy | (Problem/Solution) | 26 |
| Panel orientation and pitch | (Solution) | 26 |
| Solar Tracking Renewable Energy (RE) | (Solution) | 27 |
| Solar Thermal (ST) panels | (Solution) | 27 |
| Building Integrated Renewable Energy (BIRE) | (Problem/Solution) | 27 |
| Building Integrated Solar Thermal (BIST) | (Solution) | 28 |
| Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) | (Problem/Solution) | 28 |
| Building Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal (BIPVT) | (Solution) | 28 |
| Solar access & surveys | (Solution) | 29 |
| Solar light/heat gains | (Problem) | 29 |
| Cold Roof & Warm Roof | (Information) | 29 |
| Summer Hot Roof & Summer Cool Roof | (Problem/Solution) | 29 |
| 100% Glass facades | (Problem) | 30 |
| Over preceding decades office facades have evolved | (Problem/Solution) | 30 |
| 100 % glazed facades and solar light/heat gains | (Problem) | 31 |
| Solar Exclusion/Rejection: Walls | (Solution) | 31 |
| Rejection v Removal | (Jargon Buster) | 32 |
| Solar absorption | (Problem) | 32 |
| Attics require moisture vapour ventilation | (Solution) | 32 |
| Breathing/Breathable Roofing Membranes (BRM) | (Problem) | 32 |
| Moisture vapour management in framed insulated construction | (Problem/Solution) | 33 |
| GBE Future Action: | (Research Complete) | 33 |
| Intelligent air and wind tightness membranes for roofs | (Solution) | 33 |
| Historically building were made to be air leaky | (Solution/Problem) | 33 |
| Wind and Air tightness: Targets | (Solution) | 34 |
| Wind and Air tightness: Risks | (Problem) | 34 |
| Wind and Air tightness: Build Tight Ventilate Right | (Solution/Problem) | 35 |
| Layering of construction and services | (Problem/Solution) | 35 |
| What are the benefits, if any, of attic over heating? | (Solution/Problem) | 35 |
| Can an overheating attic be exploited? | (Solution) | 36 |
| Attics need vents specifically to release solar heat gains: | (Solution) | 36 |
| Attic water storage tank insulation integrity | (Solution/Problem) | 36 |
| Attic Hatches insulation and airtightness | (Solution/Problem) | 37 |
| Attic access walk/crawl-ways and storage platforms | (Solution/Problem) | 37 |
| Repeating Thermal Bridges | (information) | 38 |
| Luminaires (light fittings) mounted in ceiling linings | (Problem) | 38 |
| Infrared Thermal Imaging or Infrared Thermography (IRT) | (Problem/Solution) (Survey) | 39 |
| Infrared Thermography (IRT) External Surveys Heat Loss | (Problem/Solution) | 39 |
| Infrared Thermography (IRT) External Surveys Heat Gain | (Problem/Solution) | 39 |
| Infrared Thermography (IRT) Internal Surveys Heat Loss | (Problem/Solution) | 39 |
| Infrared Thermography (IRT) Internal Surveys Heat Gain | (Problem/Solution) | 40 |
| NHBC Understanding Overheating Where to Start NF44 | (Problem) (Publication) | 40 |
| Roof, ceiling and upper floor temperatures | (Research Opportunity) | 40 |
| Attics need windows for light and ventilation | (Solution) | 41 |
| Attic windows, rooflights or roof window orientation | (Solution) | 41 |
| Solar light/heat gain & greenhouse effect | (Problem/Solution) | 41 |
| Low emissivity (Low-E) glazing | (Problem/Solution) | 41 |
| Internal solar shading | (Solution/Problem) | 42 |
| Encapsulated blinds | (Solution) | 42 |
| External Blinds | (Solution) | 42 |
| Solar gain & thermal mass in floors | (Solution/Problem) | 42 |
| Low thermal mass in floors or finishes | (Problem/Solution) | 43 |
| Solar gain & thermal mass in wall finishes | (Solution/Problem) | 43 |
| Thermal mass in external walls and internal partitions | (Problem) | 44 |
| Thermal mass | (Problem/Solution) | 45 |
| Effectiveness of short term thermal mass | (Solution) | 45 |
| Effectiveness of mid term thermal mass | (Problem) | 45 |
| Effectiveness of long term thermal mass | (Solution/Problem) | 46 |
| Serviced Heat Stores | (Problem) | 46 |
| Domestic Hot Water Cylinders and overheating | (Problem) | 46 |
| Domestic Hot Water heat store | (Solution) | 47 |
| Heat Store for Central Heating | (Solution) | 47 |
| After Heating comes Domestic Hot Water | (Problem/Solution) | 47 |
| Uninsulated central heating pipes add to overheating | (Problem) | 48 |
| Uninsulated domestic hot water pipes add to overheating | (Problem) | 48 |
| Lagging pipes or insulating ducts | (Problem/Solution) | 48 |
| An incompetent workforce for future-facing adaptation | (Problem) | 48 |
| Domestic Building Hot Pipe Lagging | (Problem) | 49 |
| Commercial Hot Pipe Insulation & Labelling | (Problem) | 49 |
| Accessible services | (Problem/Solution) | 50 |
| Suspended timber floor insulation | (Solution) | 50 |
| Heat sources: Surrounds | 51 | |
| Urban Climate Issues including Urban Heat Island Effect (UHIE) | (Problem) | 51 |
| Trees create coolth in urban areas | (Solution) | 51 |
| Heat sources: People/Pets | (Problem/Solution) | 51 |
| Heat Generating Services for living | (Problem/Solution) | 52 |
| Plugged-in Equipment/Appliances | (Problem/Solution) | 52 |
| Appliances that are off and plugged in are still on | (Problem/Solution) | 52 |
| Home/Office and Offices | (Problem/Solution) | 53 |
| Living rooms | (Problem/Solution) | 53 |
| Kitchen/Utility | (Problem/Solution) | 54 |
| Bathrooms/Dressing/Bedrooms | (Problem/Solution) | 54 |
| Circulation spaces, doors and partitions between them and rooms | (Problem/Solution) | 55 |
| Open Plan Stairwell in Living Rooms | (Problem) | 55 |
| Stairwells and stack effect | (Solution/Problem) | 55 |
| Porches/Lobbies | (Problem) | 56 |
| Conservatories | (Problem/Solution) | 56 |
| Balconies within the volume of tower blocks and slab blocks | (Solution/Problem) | 57 |
| Internal secure clothes drying in summer and winter | (Problem/Solution) | 57 |
| SunSpaces | (Solution/Problem) | 57 |
| SunSpaces: Hocketon Housing Project (HHP) | (Solution) (Case Study) | 58 |
| SunSpaces: BedZED | (Solution/Problem) (Case Study) | 58 |
| SunSpaces: Integer House at BRE, Design team: 1NTEGER | (Problem/Solution) (Case Study) | 59 |
| SunSpaces: Galleons Housing Association Thamesmead, London | (Solution) (Case Study) | 59 |
| SunSpaces: EcoCentre Swaffham Wind Turbine Visitors Centre | (Problem) (Case Study) | 59 |
| SunSpaces: Keyworth Building, London South Bank University | (Problem) (Case Study) | 60 |
| Overheating in Student Accommodation | (Problem/Solution) | 60 |
| Government Soft Landings (GSL) | (Solution) (Jargon Buster) | 61 |
| Facilities Management with gusto: Suffolk County Council HQ: Ipswich | (Problem/Solution) (Case Study) | 62 |
| Communal Services | (Problem) | 62 |
| Communal and District Heating | (Problem/Solution) | 62 |
| Combined Heat and Power (CHP) | (Problem) | 62 |
| Communal space heat pipe distribution | (Problem/Solution) | 63 |
| Consumer Interface Unit (CIU) | (Problem/Solution) | 63 |
| Communal Space or Area Heating | (Problem/Solution) | 64 |
| Compartment walls in communal areas | (Problem/Solution) | 64 |
| Passive Ventilated Open Plan Offices with Atrium/Atria | (Problem/Solution) | 64 |
| 2. OVERHEATING AFTER ENERGY SAVING RETROFIT | 66 | |
| Fabric First: | (Solution) | 66 |
| Regulation preoccupation: U values | (Problem) | 66 |
| Regulation missed opportunity | (Problem) | 67 |
| Assessment Tool Misconceptions | (Problem) | 67 |
| The overheating check in SAP | (Problem) | 67 |
| Heat Properties | (Information) (Jargon Buster) | 67 |
| Insulating Paint | (?Solution?) | 68 |
| Conduction thermal insulation | (Solution/Problem) | 69 |
| Radiation resistant thermal insulation | (Solution) | 69 |
| Convection thermal insulation | (Problem) | 69 |
| Which types of thermal insulation do you use? | (Problem/Solution) | 70 |
| Competency | (Problem/Solution) | 70 |
| Quality | (Quotation) | 71 |
| CAPEX + OPEX = TOTEX | (Solution) | 71 |
| Monitoring, Metering and Control: Knowledge is everything | (Solution) | 71 |
| An open and shut case | (Problem) | 71 |
| Overheating of warehousing | (Problem/Solution) | 72 |
| Overheating of chilled warehousing | (Problem/Solution) | 72 |
| Overheating of retail warehouses | (Problem/Solution) | 72 |
| Overheating of Food retail | (Problem/Solution) | 73 |
| Overcoming overheating of attics and top floor accommodation | (Problem/Solution) | 73 |
| Thin conductivity Insulation: a preoccupation of manufacturer’s advertising | (Problem/Solution) | 73 |
| Lightweight external walls: Combining conductivity & solar radiation resistant thermal insulation | (Problem/Solution) | 74 |
| Lightweight external walls: thicknesses of conductivity & solar radiation resistant thermal insulation | (Problem/Solution) | 74 |
| Lightweight external walls: Conductivity thermal insulation and vapour open/closed? | (Problem/Solution) | 74 |
| Mixing Hydrophobic and Hygroscopic insulation | (Research Opportunity) | 75 |
| Lightweight external walls: Relative positions of conductivity insulation & solar radiation resistant thermal insulation | (Solution/Problem) | 75 |
| Mixing materials with different properties | (Research Opportunity) | 76 |
| IRT surveys of roofs | (Research Opportunity) | 76 |
| Modern Methods of Construction | (Solution) | 76 |
| Thin Wall Insulation in Modern Methods of Construction | (Problem/Solution) | 76 |
| Thin Internal Wall Insulation in Innovative Methods of Construction (IMC) | (Solution/Problem) | 77 |
| Thick Wall Insulation in Innovative Methods of Construction (IMC) | (Solution) | 77 |
| Grant funded insulation works | (Problem) | 77 |
| Solar radiation resistant thermal Insulation is available in the UK market | (Solution) | 78 |
| Solid Walls: Hard to treat? (HTT) | (Solution/Problem) | 78 |
| External Wall Insulation (EWI) the details that fail | (Problem) | 78 |
| External Wall Insulation (EWI) solutions lay in details | (Solution) | 78 |
| Solid Walls: Breathing walls need Breathing Insulation | (Solution) | 79 |
| Easy to treat inadequately | (Problem) | 80 |
| Inside, within or outside or a combination | (Problem) | 80 |
| Party Walls: Cavity Construction | (Problem/Solution) | 80 |
| Party Walls: Solid Walls | (Problem/Solution) | 81 |
| 3. COMFORT AFTER FUTURE FACING ADAPTATION | 82 | |
| Solar orientation and ventilation or shading | (Solution) | 82 |
| Passive Ventilation | (Solution) | 82 |
| Active Ventilation | (Solution) | 82 |
| Build tight ventilate right | (Slogan) (Solution) | 83 |
| Compromised envelope | (Problem/Solution) | 83 |
| Passive Ventilation with heat recovery | (Solution) | 83 |
| Active Ventilation with heat recovery | (Solution) | 84 |
| Passive or Active Summer Solar shading | (Solution) | 84 |
| External solar shading to walls, windows and doors | (Solution) | 84 |
| Living Walls as external shading to walls and potentially roofs too | (Solution/Problem) | 84 |
| External brise soleil to glazed parts | (Solution/Problem) | 85 |
| Venice and Venetians | (Solution) | 85 |
| Adjustable external brise soleil to glazed parts | (Solution) | 86 |
| External blinds, awnings and umbrellas | (Solution) | 86 |
| Light shelves | (Solution/Problem) | 86 |
| Solar shading to flat roofs | (Solution) | 86 |
| Solar shading of pitched roofs | (Solution?) | 87 |
| Decrement Delay | (Solution) | 87 |
| Phase Change Properties | (Solution) | 87 |
| Evaporative cooling | (Solution/Problem) | 88 |
| Diminished insulation performance when moist | (Problem) | 88 |
| Phase Change Materials (PCM) | (Solution) | 88 |
| Thermal mass | (Case Study) (Solution) | 88 |
| Thick walls, deep sloping window reveals | (Solution) | 89 |
| Thermal mass combined with Phase Change Materials (PCM) | (Solution) | 89 |
| Effective Phase Change Materials (PCM) | (Solution) | 89 |
| Ineffective use of Phase Change Materials (PCM): BRE Campus Innovation Park | (Solution/Problem) (Case Study) | 89 |
| Use of Phase Change Materials (PCM) in core of roofs | (Case Study) (?Solution/Problem?) | 90 |
| Phase Change Materials at thermal saturation | (Research Opportunity) | 90 |
| Beneficial or problematic solar heat gains | (Solution/Problem) | 90 |
| Purging of heat from thermal mass overnight | (Solution) | 90 |
| Purging of heat via windows and vents | (Solution) | 91 |
| Good windows for purging of heat | (Solution/Problem) | 91 |
| Windows that may or may not work for purging heat | (?Solution/Problem?) | 91 |
| Bad windows for purging of heat | (Problem) | 92 |
| Urban Heat Island Effect (UHIE) complicates purging and cross ventilation | (Problem) | 92 |
| Reasons why windows will not be left opened during the day or night for purging | (Problem) | 92 |
| Alternatives to windows for purging heat | (Solution) | 93 |
| Alternatives to windows for purging heat | (Case Studies): | 93 |
| Consequence for Building | (Problem) | 93 |
| Consequences for Staff and Management | (Problem) | 93 |
| Consequences of Overheating on Business | (Problem) | 93 |
| Air conditioning uptake in domestic dwellings | (Problem) | 94 |
| Consequences of Overheating on Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) | (Problem) | 94 |
| Consequences of Overheating on Health | (Problem) | 94 |
| Who is at health risk? | (Problem) | 94 |
| How big is the death risk? | (Problem) | 94 |
| What can be done to help the vulnerable? | (Solution/Problem) | 95 |
| Consequence of Overheating on low-income families | (Problem) | 95 |
| What next? | (Solution) | 95 |
| GBE Overheating Images | 95 | |
| GBE Overheating See Also | 96 | |
| Revisions Table | (Metadata) | 97 |
© GBE NGS ASWS BrianMurphy aka BrianSpecMan
12th June 2016 – 14th April 2019
all links updated 18th April 2018 BT
